With respect to surgery, Hippocrates described the use of ligatures, but this technique was lost during the Dark Ages. It was reintroduced in 1529 by Ambroise Pare, a French military surgeon. As a result, amputations came to be used more and more as a lifesaving measure since the rate of survival was much higher when ligatures were used. Basically the short answer is it was Ambroise Pare
