During the Carboniferous epoch, vast forests of lofty trees were created by symbiotic seedless vascular plants. The lycophyte evolutionary lineage includes tiny herbaceous plants and enormous trees with diameters of more than 2 metres and heights of more than 40 metres by the Carboniferous epoch (359-299 million years ago).
The Silurian epoch, 425 million years ago, has the first fossil evidence of a possibly vascular plant. The now-extinct Cooksonia (Figure below) had branching branches capped with sporangia, indicating that it is a sporophyte, but neither roots or leaves, and it grew just a few centimetres above the ground.
Only a small percentage of the plants in our environment are seedless. Prior to 300 million years ago, the majority of the vegetation was seedless and thrived in the massive
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