Defense is mechanism of adaptation by which some plants have leaves that are poisonous to some animals.
Poisonous plants are those herbs, flowers, shrubs or fruits that are toxic enough to harm the body of people as well as dogs, cats and other animals.
The defense mechanisms that plants have developed are very varied and among them are physical adaptations such as thorns or the synthesis of chemical substances that can inhibit consumption by predators and some with antimicrobial effects.
During the evolutionary process, all organisms have been attacked by viruses, bacteria and fungi; likewise, they are consumed as a source of nutrients by different herbivorous animals and vertebrates.
In response to external factors that limit the normal development of plants, they have developed various defense mechanisms ranging from anatomical adaptations to chemical defense.
The chemical substances produced by plants as defense, are very varied, have different functions, inhibit the action of pathogens and prevent their attack, others cause negative effects at different levels, such as irritation on contact, nausea or gastric disorders.
Some of these compounds are saponins, phenolic compounds that include phenolic acids, and complex polymers such as tannins and lignin have the ability to cause pharmacological and toxicological effects in animals.
Therefore, we can conclude that plants have developed various defense mechanisms as chemical defense by which some plants have leaves that are poisonous to some animals.
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