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Oslo Company prepared the following contribution format income statement based on a sales volume of 1,000 units (the relevant range of production is 500 units to 1,500 units): Sales $ 10,000 Variable expenses 5,500 Contribution margin 4,500 Fixed expenses 2,250 Net operating income $ 2,250 What is the contribution margin per unit?

What is the contribution margin ratio?

What is the variable expense ratio?

If sales increase to 1,001 units, what would be the increase in net operating income?

If sales decline to 900 units, what would be the net operating income?

If the selling price increases by $1.50 per unit and the sales volume decreases by 100 units, what would be the net operating income?

If the variable cost per unit increases by $.50, spending on advertising increases by $1,000, and unit sales increase by 250 units, what would be the net operating income?

What is the break-even point in unit sales?

What is the break-even point in dollar sales?

How many units must be sold to achieve a target profit of $8,100?

What is the margin of safety in dollars?

What is the margin of safety percentage?

What is the degree of operating leverage?

Using the degree of operating leverage, what is the estimated percent increase in net operating income of a 3% increase in sales?

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Answer:

1. $4.5

2. 45%

3. 55%

4. $4.50

5. $1,800

6. $3,150

7. $1,750

8. 500 units

9.$5,000

10. 2,300 units

11. $5,000

12. 2

13. 1.5%

Explanation:

1. Contribution margin per unit = Unit sales price - Variable cost per unit

• $10 - $5.5 = $4.5

2. Contribution margin ratio = (sales - variable expense) / Sales

• ($10,000 - $5,500) / $10,000

• $4,500/$10,000

•45%

3.Variable expense ratio = variable cost per unit / Sales per unit

•$5.5/$10 = 55%

4. Net operating income @1,000 - Net operating income @1,001

•@1,000 units

Sales (1,000 x 10) $10,000

Variable expense (1,000 x 5.5) $5,500

Contribution margin $4,500

Less: Fixed Cost $2,250

Net operating income $2,250

•@1,001 units

Sales (1,001 x 10) $10,010

Variable expense (1,001 x 5.5) $5,505.50

Contribution margin $4,504.50

Less: Fixed cost $2,250

Net operating income 2,254.50

Therefore, $2,254.50 - $2,250 = $4.50

5. Sales (900 x 10 ) $9,000

Variable expense (900 x 5.5) $4,950

Contribution margin $ 4,050

Less: Fixed cost $2,250

Total net operating income $1,800

6. Sales (900 x 11.50) $10,350

Variable cost (900 x 5.50) $4,950

Contribution margin $5,400

Less: Fixed cost $2,250

Net operating income $3,150

7. Sales (1,250 x 10) $12,500

Variable cost (1,250 x 6) $7,500

Contribution margin $5,000

Less: Fixed cost (2,250 + 1,000) $3,250

Net operating income $1,750

8. Break-even point in unit sales

BEP =Total fixed cost / (sale per unit - variable cost)

BEP = $2,250 / (10-5.5)

BEP = $2,250/$4.5

BEP = 500 units

9.Break-even point in dollar sales

BES = Total fixed expense/contribution margin ratio

BES = $2,250/([10,000-5,500]/10,000)

BES = $2,250/0.45

BES = $5,000

10. Let’s begin with the desired net operating income.

•$8,100 + Fixed cost = Contribution margin / (Sales per unit - Variable cost)

•$8,109 + $2,250 = $10,350/(10-5.50)

•$10,350/4.50

•2,300 units

11.Margin of safety = Projected sales - Break-even sales

MOS = $10,000(1,000 x 10) - $5,000 (as computed above #9)

MOS = $5,000

12. Degree of Operating leverage

DoL = (Sales-Variable cost) / (Sales - Variable cost - Fixed cost)

DoL = ($10,000 - 5,500) / ($10,000 - 5,500 - 2,250)

DoL = $4,500/$2,250

DoL = 2

13. 3% / 2 = 1.5%

• DoL simply signifies how many times the operating profit increase or decrease in relation to sales.

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