David has always been a difficult child. During his early teenage years, he pelted stones at his neighbors’ windows on a few occasions. He had also been in some fights with other boys of his age during this period. The police had arrested David once on such charges. Even though his behavior has improved now in his late teens, his neighbors, parents, friends, and teachers still regard him as a problem child and think of him as a criminal. He does not have any friends. Employers are hesitant to hire him. Keeping the labeling theory in mind, which of these consequences may follow?
A.
The labels will not have any effect on David.
B.
David will accept the labels and eventually turn into a criminal.
C.
The labels will strengthen David’s resolve to be a better person.
D.
David will start respecting the law authorities as well as society as a whole.
E.
David will take the criticism in stride and continue to lead a normal life.