These paragraphs summarize two points of view expressed in a 1971 US Supreme Court decision
Federalism does not mean states are supreme. It does not mean the national government is supreme. Federalism protects individual rights guaranteed by the Constitution while avoiding interference with the states. It is a system in which there is sensitivity to state and national governments Justice Hugo Black (paraphrased), 1971
Federal courts must "prevent an erosion of the individual's constitutional rights." This is because the balance of power between the state and national governments. changed after the Civil War The 14th Amendment made civil rights an area of national concern. It places the federal government between the states and tes -Justice William Douglas (paraphrase), 1971
How does Justice Black's description of federalism and individual rights differ from that of Justice Douglas
a. Only Black says the U.S. Constitution protects individual rights from the national government.
b. Only Douglas says the relationship between levels of governments was altered
c. Only Black says state governments must protect individual rights
d. Only Douglas says the US. Constitution has always applied to both levels of government.